In early February, Marx sent the work to London, and the League immediately adopted it as their manifesto. The pair were commissioned to draw up a manifesto summarizing the doctrines of the League.īack in Brussels, Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto in January 1848, using as a model a tract Engels wrote for the League in 1847. Marx obliged and with Engels renamed the group the Communist League and planned to unite it with other German worker committees across Europe. In 1847, the League of the Just, a secret society made up of revolutionary German workers living in London, asked Marx to join their organization. In 1845, Marx was expelled from France and settled in Brussels, where he renounced his Prussian nationality and was joined by Engels.ĭuring the next two years, Marx and Engels developed their philosophy of communism and became the intellectual leaders of the working-class movement. In Paris, Marx befriended Friedrich Engels, a fellow Prussian who shared his views and was to become a lifelong collaborator. Paris was at the time a center for socialist thought, and Marx adopted the more extreme form of socialism known as communism, which called for a revolution by the working class that would tear down the capitalist world. That year, Marx moved to Paris to co-edit a new political review. The newspaper grew considerably under his guidance, but in 1843 the Prussian authorities shut it down for being too outspoken. In 1842, Marx became editor of the Rheinische Zeitung, a liberal democratic newspaper in Cologne. Hegel, the 19th-century German philosopher who sought a dialectical and all-embracing system of philosophy. He studied law and philosophy at the universities of Berlin and Jena and initially was a follower of G.W.F. Karl Marx was born in Trier, Prussia, in 1818–the son of a Jewish lawyer who converted to Lutheranism. READ MORE: How Are Socialism and Communism Different? Its ideas, however, reverberated with increasing force into the 20th century, and by 1950 nearly half the world’s population lived under Marxist governments.
Originally published in German as Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei (“Manifesto of the Communist Party”), the work had little immediate impact. The political pamphlet–arguably the most influential in history–proclaimed that “the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles” and that the inevitable victory of the proletariat, or working class, would put an end to class society forever. On February 21, 1848, The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx with the assistance of Friedrich Engels, is published in London by a group of German-born revolutionary socialists known as the Communist League.
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